DSM

Anchored to each ticker's own 5-year median trailing P/E, tilted by current ROE and growth. Fair P/E = own median P/E + (ROE × 10) + (max(revenue growth, earnings growth) × 15), capped at ±30% around the historical anchor. Fair Value = (Current Price ÷ Trailing P/E) × Fair P/E. Premium compounders like COST/MSFT are judged against their own multi-year norm rather than a sector median. Falls back to the sector-anchored formula (Tech ≈ 28, Comm Services ≈ 24, Utilities ≈ 18, Financials ≈ 14, etc.) for recent IPOs and tickers with insufficient history (< 24 monthly samples). Result is a normalised multiple gauge — not a price target.